Turbine.



PATENTED EEB. 6, 1906.

No.`8ll,663.

E. W. REEVES.

TUREINE.

APPLICATION FILED A111144. 1904.

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PATENTBD FEB. 1906. P. W. REEVES.

TURBINB.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 14. 1904.

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No. 311,663.l .PATENTED FEB. 1906.

l?. W. REEVES. TURBINB.

APPLICATION. FILED APR.14, 1904.

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No. 811,663. PATENTBD PEB. 1906.

P. W. REEVES.

TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED APRJQ, 1904.

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PATENTED FEB. 6, 1906. E. W. REEVES. TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR,14, 1904.

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PATENTED PEB. 6, 1906.

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E'. W. REEVES.

TURBINE AHLIGATION FILED APR.14, 1904A wif/1655.95.,

77M@ 0J )77M UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FREDERICK w. `EEEvEs, or ALLEei-iENr, PENNSYLVANIA, AssieNoE oF oNni-iALE ro JoiiN n. Minis, or rrrrseuiie, PENNSYLVANIA.

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` no eineea u To all whom; it `riz/ty coil/cern:

Be it known that l, FREDERICK,W.REEvEs,

a citizen of the United States, residing at Allee gheny, in the county of Allegheny and State l This invention has for its object the provie sionof a turbine adapted to rotate at about one-half the speed usually attained in engines of this class under similar steam supply and pressure without reduction of efliciency.

Other objects in vieware utilization of primary effects of steam before mutulation, sirnof engines of `this class.

In the accompanying 'drawings I have in various ways` illustrated my improved engine and detail parts thereof, inwhich drawings- Figures 1 and 2 combined is a longitudinal side view of my improved engine, the major e portion of which is shown" in section. Fig. 3 is an enlarged end view of a portion of the primary and secondary turbine-wheels in secz tion, also a portion of the casing thereabout.`

Fig. 4 is a vertical side view of the valve mechanism, partly in section. Fig. 5 is an enlarged perspective view of the endof the secondary wheel-shaft. "Figl 6 isa `erspec-` etached from the end of said shaft. Fig. 7 is a side 3o tive view of the governor-pinion view of a portion of the primary wheel-shaft, partly in section. Fig. 8 is an` end view of same in section on line B B of Fig.` 7. e In the construction of' my improved turbine I provide a hollow primary wheel 1 wherein the steam is received through artube 2, inclosed within and revoluble with the hollow shaft 3 of saidwheel, passing therefrom 4o out of the expanding `nozzles 4l, which are formed at equidistantpoints about its periphery. This primary wheel is inclosed within a hollow secondary wheel 5, provided with a shaft 6, the periphery of said wheel being provided with vanes 7, against which the steam strikes as it issues from the nozzle of theA primary wheel and imparts a rotary motion thereto, said secondary wheel heilig iiiclosed within a fixed casing 8, connected to an exhaust 9L The steam being received in the primary wheel at approximately boiler-pressure will, owing to the shape of the diverging expansion exits, (nozzle shaped peripheral p0rts,) expand therein, and as the said exits Specification of Letters Patent. Applicant iiieaiipiii i4, 190i. sirio No. 203,102)

plicity, durability, etc., tending to perfection e D made use of to drlve the primary wheel in one Patented Feb. e, 190e.

are tangentially disposed about the wheel-periphery a back pressure, or pressure inthe di` rection opposite the flow of the steam, and

alsosan additional back pressure, due to the y expansion and increasing steam velocity, occurs"`witlnn the multiplicity of nozzles, there` by imparting a rotary motion to Said wheel,

and as the steam `passing out of the large end ofsaid nozzle will have expended its expensive force and transformed wholly into its velocity or 4kinetic energy the said Steam will impinge upon the vanes of the secondary wheel and drive it in a direction opposite to that ofthe primary. In other words, the expansive force or initial energy of the steam is direction,` (a direction opposite the flow of steam,) and the velocity or kinetic energy of said steam as it issues from the primary nozf e zle is made use `of to drive the secondary wheel in an opposite direction. In this fcase both thepressure and expansive force of the steam and the velocity are made use of without loss and the speed of the turbine reduced to one-half of the ordinary turbine.

generators, one may be secured to the. bed-4 plate 10 between the bearings 11 and the armature thereof secured to the shaftl of the primary wheel and another, as B, secured between the bearings12 of the bed-plate and If the turbine be employed to drive electric e the armature thereof secured to the shaft of the secondary wheel.

A clearance-space is leeft between the sec-` e ondary wheel and casing "and likewisefbe-j tween the !primary and secondary wheel. When said wheels are 1n motion, a vacuum is from a pipe 14 into the U-shaped annular formed which dispenses with the friction heretofore occasioned therebetween by air or groove 14 in theedge of the secondary wheel, where it inc-.loses the annular flange 15, carried by thevprimary Wheel, said water or oil being caused to eflectually fill `said IOO space and form a seal by thecentrifiigal nio-,-

, tion.

As the throttle-valve lois fixed toa suittube for conducting the Steam into the primary wheel revolves, it is evident that some `able standard 17 of the bed-pl`at`e `and the means must be employed between thesta` tionary valve androtatable tube to permit glandand opening into which it is fitted being lubricated with oil from a pump 22. The tube 2 being provided with a flanged end is secured to and forms a head for the said centrifugal stuffing-box. Secured fast within the standard is a pipe 23, provided with a flanged head 24, and as this head is inclosed within the stuffing-box the steam flowing into the tube will condense more or less and the centrificial motion will causeit to flow about the head of the stuffing-box and form a water seal, thus preventing the steam finding an exit at this point. After the turbine has been started the gland 20 maybe loosened up to decrease the friction of the packing. Undue heating of the hollow primary shaft is avoided by causing a stream of water to pass from the mouth of a fixed pipe 25 through openings 26 in the collar 27 into the space 28 between said shaft and the tube 2, which water is caused to completely surround the tubebut not in contact. The centrificial motion vforces the water to the interior surface of the shaft`3 and finds its Way out through one or more openings28, formed through the collar 29, carried bythe primary shaftmto the groove 30 in the said casing 8,.

where it circulates and forms a seal between the said casing and shaft-collar and finds its exit through a pipe or cock 31. A similar water seal is made between thecollar 32 of the secondary wheel and the casing by causing water to enter and leave the groove 33 b ipes (not shown) in like manner as describe In this case the steam is caused to intermittingly pass through the throttle-valve to the primary wheel, and to accomplish same I provide a suitable governor 34, which is operated by a ipinion 35 upon the end of the secondary sha t, meshing with the pinion 36 of the governor, and as soon as the secondary Wheel assumes maximum speed the governor `elevates a sliding member 37 into contact with a fixed member 38, thereby closing an electric circuit 38', having a pair of solenoidmagnets 39 therein. Now when these solenoid-magnets become energized they elevate the doublepiston 39 in the chamber 40, causing steam to be admitted to the lower end of said chamber from the main steampipe 40 by way of a branch pipe 41, permitting it to pass through a port 42 into the chamber 43, elevate the piston 44, and as the rod of said piston carries valves 45 they will likewise be elevated and close the ports 46 in the chamber 47, interposed between the throttle-valve and main steam-supply pipe. As the energizing of the solenoid-magnets is stufling-box or seal, comprevbut momentary the breaking of the circuit at the governor contacts as a matter of course causes the denergizing of the magnet, dpermitting the said piston 39 to descen exhausting the steam from the chambers out through the small exhaust-pipe 48, and ermitting steam to enter from the brano pipe 49 to the smaller chamber and from said chamber over to that of the valvepiston by way of the port 50. B this means Vsteam is intermittingly supplie to the primary wheel.

Having thus shown -and described my improved turbine in horizontal form adapted or double service, particularly where much power is required, and as the main features may be embodied in one for single drive and vertical form, I deem it advisable to also yshow and describe the same as a modification.

Referring to the drawings, Fig. 1 is a vertical sectional view through said modified form. Fig. 2 is a horizontal view of the steam-tube, shown partly in section. Fig.V 3 is an end view of same, partly in section. Fig. 4 is a horizontal sectional view through the centrificial stufHng-box. Fig. 5 is an end sectional View through said box on line X X of said Fig. 4. Fig. 6 is an enlarged plan view through the turbine on line o o of Fig. 1 showing the primary and secondary wheels in section. Fig. 7 is a plan view of the turbine. AFig. 8 is a sectional view through the ball-bearing cu for the ends of the primary wheel-shaft an ball-socket, partly in section. Fig. 9 is a plan view of one end of primary shaft, showing the socket attached theretoy and in section. Fig. 10 is a vertical side view loo of the complete turbine at right angles from IIO meshes with a gear 70, carried by the shaft 70. The primaryy wheel 95, which is inclosed within the secondary-,nis mounted upon a flexible shaft 7 A1, fitted into ball-bearings 72 and 73, arranged, respectively, at the upper end of the bracket 74, carrying the gear 70, and the base of the chamber 64, said primary wheel receiving steam into the nozzles 75 through the ports 76 and 77 from a tube 78, communicating with the inlet-supply pipe 79. The flexible shaft of the primary wheel is also provided with a inion v80, which meshes with the aforesaidp gear 70, and. as both the primary and secondary wheels travel in opposite directions and at the same sipped the power from bothis transmitted D ough the pinions to the gear and the shaft oithev latter made use of as the drive. The bearing at the lower end ofthe flexible shaft is fed with oil from a cup 81,While that at the upper end is fed from a cup82. Oilis also caused to enter into the groove 83 in thesecondary shaft and from a seal about the collar 84 of the primary shaft, and likewise either oil or water is fed intol the groove 85 of the secondary wheelirom a cup 85 to form a seal` in the a oresaid steam-tube 78, the annular co lars 88 in said stuffing-box being perforated by o eningsSQ to permit the water circulating al the way about.

It is apparent that other modifications in detail and arrangements ofmy improvement may be made `without departing from the spirit of my invention.

In the a pending claims I have made use of the wor s initial energy to cover the eX- ,pression pressure and expansive force.

herefore where the same occurs it is tobe understood as meaning that which drives'` the primary Wheel.

`Having thus fully shown and described my` invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-v` `l. In a steam turbinefa primary wheel having internal tangentially-disposed outwardly-divergin nozzles opening into the periphery `thereo and driven in a direction opposite theflow oi steam by the initial energy of the steam acting in said nozzles, and a secondary wheel having tangentially-dis posedperipheral vanes therein and driven in an opposite direction to that of the primary wheellby the velocityoi thefsteam as it issues from theprimary-wheel nozzles, said second-I ary f wheel entirely inclosing said primary wheel.

2i.` In' a steam turbine, a primary wheel having internal tangentially disposed loutwardlydiverging nozzles] opening into the periphery thereof and driven in a direction oppositethe How of steam by the initial energy oithe steam acting in said nozzles, and a secondary wheel having peripheral vanes therein and driven in an opposite direction to that of the primary wheel by the velocity of the steam as it issues from the primary-wheel nozzles, said secondarywheel entirely inclos-` ing said primary wheel. p

3. In a steam-turbine, a primary wheel having internal tangentially-disposed outwardlyfdiverging nozzlesjopening into the peripherythereof and driven in a direction opposite the flow of steam by the initial energy of the steam acting in said nozzles, and a secondary wheel having peripheral vanes therein and drivenin anopposite direction to that of the primary whee y the velocity of the steam as it issues from the primary-wheel nozzles, said secondary wheel entirely inclosing` said primary whee and provided with liqui sealing members at itsaxis.

4i"`1n a steam turbine, a primary wheel having internal tangentially disposed outwardly diverging nozzles opening into the periphery thereof adapted to be driven in one direction by the steam acting in said nozzles, anda secondary wheel the periphery of which is provided with hook-shaped vanes extending over the periphery of said primary wheel and adapted tosbe driven in an opposite di# `l rection to that oi said primary "wheel, the vanes of said secondary wheel being disposed with their hook-shaped portion inwardly.

5. `In a steam turbine," a primary wheel having internal tangentially-disposed` outward`lydiverging nozzles opening into the periphery thereof adapted to be ldriven in one direction by the steam `acting insaid nozzles, and a secondary wheel the periphery of which is provided with hook-shaped vanes extending over the periphery of said primary wheel and adapted to be driven in an opposite direction to that of saidprimary wheel, the

vanes of said secondary wheel beingdisposed with `their hooked-shaped portion inwardly and of increased thickness at their middle so as to contract the space therebetween at that point. i 6. In a steamturbine, a primary wheel having `interrial tangentially-disposed outf wardlydiverging nozzles o ening `into the periphery thereof adaptad to e drlven in one direction by the steam acting in said nozzles, and a secondary wheel the periphery of which is provided with hook-shaped vanes extend-` ingover the periphery of said primary wheel and adapted to be driven in an op osite` direction to that of said primary w` eel, the vanes of said secondary wheel being disposed withtheir hook-shaped portion inwardly and their"`straight portions tangentially in an op-` posite direction to those of said primary wheel.

7. In a steam-turbine, `a primary wheel having internal tangentiallydisposed outwardly-diverging nozzles opening into the `periphery thereof adapted tobe driven in one direction by the steam acting 1n said nozzles, and a secondary wheel the peri hery of which is providedwith hooked-shape vanes extending over the peri hery of said primary `wheel and "adapted to e' driven in an opposite di` loc" rection to that of said primary wheel, the

vanos ol said secondary Wheel being disposed with their hook-shaped portion inwardly and their straight portions tangentially in an op# posite direction to those of said primary wheel.

8. In a steam turbine, a primary wheel having internal tangentially dlsposed outwardlydiverging nozzles opening into the periphery thereof adapted to be rotated in one direction by the steam acting in said nozzles, and a secondary wheel entirely inclosing said primary wheel the periphery of which is provided with hook-shaped vanes adapted to be driven in an opposite direction to that of said primary wheel by the action of the steam on said vanes as it issues from the nozzles of said primary wheel.

9. In a steam turbine, a primary wheel having internal tangentiallydisposed outwardly-diverging nozzles opening into the periphery thereof adapted to be rotated 'in one direction by the steam acting in said nozzles, and a secondary wheel entirely inclosing said primary wheel the periphery of which is provided with hook-shaped vanes disposed tangentially in an opposite direction to the nozzles of said primary wheel and adapted to be driven in an opposite direction to that of said primary wheel by the action of the steam on said vanes as it issues from the nozzles of said primary wheel.

10. In a steam-turbine, a primary wheel having internal tangentiallydisposed outwardly divergin nozzles opening into the periphery thereo adapted to be rotated in one direction by the steam acting in said nozzles, a secondary'wheel entirely inclosing said primary wheel the peri hery of which is provided with hook-shaped vanes ada .ted to be driven in an o osite direction to t at of said primary whee y the action of the steam on said varies as it issues from the nozzles of said primary wheel, and a liquid seal between the shaft of said primary wheel and wall of said secondary wheel.v

11. In a steam-turbine, a primary wheel having internal tangentially disposed outwardly divergin nozzles opening into the periphery thereo adapted to be rotated in one direction by the steam acting in said nozzles, a secondary wheel entirely inclosing said primary wheel the periphery of which is provided with hook-shaped varies disposed tangentially in an opposite direction to the nozzles of said primary wheel and ada ted to be driven in an o osite direction to tlliat of said primary whee y the action of the steam on said vanes as it issues from the nozzles of said primary wheel, and ali uid seal between the shaft of said primary W eel and wall of said secondary wheel.

12. In a steam-turbine, a hollow rotatable` steam-conducting shaft communicating at one end with a stationary steam supply member, a liquid sealing device interposed therebetween, a primary wheel carried by the o posite end of said hollow shaft and provide with internal tangentially disposed outwardly diverging nozzles opening out into the periphery ofv said wheel and communicating with said hollow shaft, a secondary wheel mounted upon a shaft and entirely inclosing said primary wheel the periphery of which is rovided with hook-shaped vanes tangentia ly disposed in an op osite direction to those of the primary whee and a casing surrounding said secondary wheel and provided with an exhaust-opening.

13. In a steam-turbine, a hollow rotatable steam-conducting shaft communicating at one end with a stationary steam supply member, a liquid sealing' device interposed therebetween, a primary wheel carried by the o posite end of said hollow shaft and provide with internal tangentially disposed outwardly diverging nozzles opening out into the peri hery of said wheel and commu-V nicating wit said hollow shaft, a secondary wheel mounted upon a shaft and entirely inclosing said primary wheel the periphery of which is rovided with hook-shaped vanes tangential y disposed in an o posite direcf tion to those of the primary W eel, a casing surrounding said secondary wheel and provided with an exhaust-opening, a li uid seal between the wall of the secondary w eel and primary shaft, and a liquid seal between the shaft of said secondary wheel and the casing inclosing said wheel.

14. In a steam-turbine, a hollow rotatable steam-conducting shaft communicating at one end with a stationary steam supply member, a liquid Sealing device interposed therebetween, a primary wheel carried by outwardly diverging nozzles opening out into the peri hery of said wheel and communicating wit said hollow shaft, a secondary wheel mounted upon a shaft and entirely inclosing said primary wheel -the periphery of which is 4 rovided with hook-shaped varies tangentia ly dis osed in an opposite direction to those of t e primary wheel, and a casing surrounding said secondary wheel and provided with an exhaust-opening, in combination with a governor-controlled valve to permitk steam to intermittingly pass through said stationary supply member to the primary wheel.

15. In a steam-turbine, a hollow rotatable steam-conducting shaft communicating at one end with a stationary steam-supply member, a-liquid sealing device interposed therebetween, a primary wheel carried by the opposite end of said hollow shaft and provided with internal tangentially-disposed outwardlydiverging nozzles opening out into the periphery of said wheel and communicating with said hollow shaft, a secondary wheel mounted -upon a shaft and entirely inclosing said primary wheel the periphery of which is provided with hook-shaped vanes tangentially disposed in an opposite direction to those of the primary wheel, a casing surrounding said secondary wheel and provided with an exhaust-opening, a liquid seal between the IOO IIO

wall `of the secondary wheel and primary shaft, anda liquid `seal between the shaftof said secondary wheel and the casing inclosing A said wheel, in combination with a governorr controlled valveto ermit steam to intermittingl pass throng said stationary supply mem er to the primary wheel.

16. In a steam-turbine, a hollow rotatable steam.- conducting shaft communicating at 1o .one end with i a stationary steamsup ly .memberiand `carrying at its opposite end a primary wheel having internal outwardly-diverging nozzles opening out into the periphery thereof `and communicating with said hollow y r `ghshait, a secondary wheel mounted upoli the end of a shaftand entirely inclosing the primarywheelwthe periphery of which is prop vided Withfvanes tangentially disposed in an opposite direction to those ofsaidfprimary zo wheel, a casin inclosing said secondary wheel and rovidedwith an exhaust-opening, a liqui seal formed betweenl the shaft of sald rimary wheel and wall of the secondary whee like seals between the casing and 2 5 shafts ofthe rimaryand secondary wheels, and a valve-c amber provided with a valve communicating with said stationary steamsupply member, in combination with a governor to operate the valve of said chamber to 3o intermittingly supply steam to the primary wheel.

17. In a steam-turbine, a hollow rotatable steam-conducting shaft communicating at one end with a stationary steam-supply 3-5 vmember and `carrying at its opIposite en a primary wheel having interna outwardlydivergin nozzles opening out into the periphery t ereof and communicating with said hollow shaft, a secondary wheel mounted on the end of a shaft and entirely inclosing the primary wheel the peripher of which is provided with; vanes tangentia ly disposed in an o posite direction to those of said primary w eel, a casing inclosing said secondary l45` wheel and rovlded with an exhaust-opening, a liqui seal formed between the shaft of said rimarywheel and wall of the secondary7 whee like seals between the casing and shafts of the primary and secondary wheel, a 5o 11 uid sealing device interposed between said hgllow shaft and stationary steam-supply `member, and a valve-chamber provided with a valve communicating with said stationary steam-supply member, in combination wit 5 5 "a, governor to operate the valve of said chamber to intermittingly supply steam to the primary wheel.

18. In a steam-turbine, a hollow rotatable steamconducting shaft communicating -at one end i with a stationary steamsupply member and carrying at its op osite end a primary wheel having interna outwardlydiverging nozzles opening out into the periphery thereof and communicating with said hollow shaft, a secondary :wheel mounted upon the end of a shaft and entirely inclosing the primary wheel the periphery of which is provided with' vanes tangentially disposed in an opposite direction to those of said primary wheel, a casing inclosing said secondary 7o wheel and provided with an exhaust-opening, a liquid seal between the shaft of said primary wheel and wall of the secondary wheel, .like seals between the casing and shaftsl of the primary and secondary wheels, a liquid sealing device interposed between said hollow shaft and stationary steam-supply member means to cause waterto surround the primary-wheel shaft to cool the same, and a valve-chamber provided with a valve 8o communicating with said stationary steamsupply member, in combination with a governor to operate the valve of said chamber to intermittingly supply steam to the primary wheel.`

19. In a steam-turbine, a primary wheel -receiving steam through its shaft and discharging the same through o enings in its periphery, and asecondary w eel entirely inclosing the primary wheel the peripher of 9o which is provided with vanes between w 'ch the steam passes upon issuing from the openings in the primary wheel.

20. In a steam-turbine, a primary wheel receiving steam at its axis and discharging the-same from tangentially-disposed o enings in its periphery, and a secondary w eel entirely inclosing said primary wheel the periphe of which is provided with vanes tangentia ly disposed in an opposite direction to the openings of said primary Wheel. v

21. In a steam-turbine, two power-generating wheels rotating in op osite directions, one receiving steam throng a hollow shaft upon which it revolves and is driven by the in- '1o 5 itial energy of the steam and the other driven by the steam velocity acting upon vanes oarried thereby after leaving the first-mentioned wheel, a liquid sealing device interposed between the hollow revoluble shaft of the steamy; 1ero pressure and expansion wheel Vand the fixed y supply-pipe communicating therewith.

22. In a steam-turbine, two power-generating wheels rotating in opposite directions, one receiving steam through a hollow shaft upon which 1t .revolves and is driven by the initial energy of the steam and the other driven by .the steam velocity acting upon vanes carried thereby after leaving the firstmentioned wheel, a liquid sealing device in- 12o terposed between the hollow revoluble shaftpi e of the steam ressure and expansion w eel and the fiXedPsupply-pipe communi-` cating therewith, and a governor-controlled valve to intermittingly supply steam to said 1 2 5 first-mentioned wheel.

23. In a steam-turbine, two power-generating wheels rotating in-opposite directions, one receivin steam throu h a hollow shaft upon which 1t revolves an is driven by the 13o IOO initial energy of the Letefnn and the other driven by the velocity acting upon venes earried thereby after lea vint;- the Vlirst-nientioned wheel, a liquid sealhijg; device interpoSed between the hollow revoluble shaft oi' the steam pressure and expansion wheel and the fixed Supply-pipe eonnnuniez'it'ing therewith, and ineens for 'formingI a vacuum between the said wheels and the easing inclosing the saine.

24. In a Steam-turbine, two power-generating wheele` rotating in opposite directions one reeeivingsteain through a hollow shaft upon which it revolves and is driven by the initial energy of the steam and the other driven by the steam velocity acting upon Vanes carried thereby'after leavingr the firstinentioned wheel, a liquid sealing device interposed between the hollow revoluble shaft of the steam-expansion wheel and the tiltedv supply-pipe communicating therewith, 'and a governor-controlled valve to intermittingly supply steam to said inst-mentioned wheel, and means for forming a vacuum between the said wheels and the easing inelosing,r the saine. l y y 25. The Combination with the primary wheel, of a hollow shalt, a steanitnbevinclosed thereby, and a space between said tube l and shaft partly filled with liquid said liquid ada ted to cling to the interior wall oi the sha `t by centrifugal niotion and prevent heatins@r thereof. u

26. The combination withrvthe primary wheel, of a hollow shaft, -a steani-tubeinclosed thereby and rotatable therewith, and a space between said tube and shaft partly lledwith liquid, said liquid adapted to cling to the interior wall ofthe shaft by centrifugal motion and prevent heating thereof.

In testimony whereof I `have hereunto signed my naniein the presence of two subseribing witnesses.

FREDERICK W' REEVES.4 In presence ofq V i.

` HARRY E. MIX,

THoMAs I). CARIJN.y 

